CPM in Construction Management, Seventh Edition
by: James J. O’Brien, Fredric L. Plotnick
Abstract: A hands-on guide to using critical path management for construction projects. This comprehensive resource details how to apply critical path management (CPM) to every day construction situations. The book first describes the development of CPM and its practical use in the construction industry and then goes on to cover the technique in detail so that you can apply it to practical construction situations. Central to the book is the John Doe Case Study, which describes basic CPM network techniques and illustrates functions such as updating, cost control, resource planning, and delay evaluation. CPM in Construction Management, Seventh Edition features new chapters on RDM relationship code features and review of alternate methods of delay analysis.
Full details
Table of Contents
- A. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
- B. Preface
- C. Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction to CPM Planning and Scheduling
- 2. Project Control Systems Evolve in Academia
- 3. Project Control Systems Evolve in the Marketplace
- 4. Your New Tool—Read Before Using
- 5. Network Construction
- 6. The Durations of the Logic Network
- 7. Output of Calculations
- 8. Cranking the Engine
- 9. Adding Complexity
- 10. PDM and Precedence Networks
- 11. Respecting the Power of PDM
- 12. PERT, SPERT, and GERT
- 13. RDM Networks Restore the Promise
- 14. Overview of Prevalent Software Products
- 15. Measure Twice—Cut Once
- 16. Choosing Codes
- 17. Acquiring Information to Initial Schedule
- 18. Acquiring the Durations
- 19. Specifying Restraints
- 20. Example Project: The John Doe Project
- 21. Equipment and Workforce Planning
- 22. Procurement
- 23. Preconstruction
- 24. Evolution of the Project Schedule
- 25. CPM and Cost Control
- 26. Enterprise Scheduling
- 27. Converting the Team Plan to the Calculated Schedule
- 28. Engineer’s Review of the Submitted Initial CPM
- 29. Updating the Schedule
- 30. Engineer’s Review of the Submitted Update
- 31. Revising the Logic Network
- 32. Engineer’s Review of the Submitted Revision
- 33. Case Histories
- 34. Specifying CPM
- 35. CPM in Claims and Litigation
- 36. Delay Analysis
- 37. Disruption Analyses
- 38. Other Claim Methods
- 39. Conclusion
- A. Sample CPM Specification as a Guideline for Preparing Your Own Specification
- B. Unified Facilities Guide Specification
- C. Navigating the CD-ROM
Tools & Media
Expanded Table of Contents
-
A.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
-
B.
Preface
-
C.
Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction to CPM Planning and Scheduling
- 2. Project Control Systems Evolve in Academia
- 3. Project Control Systems Evolve in the Marketplace
- 4. Your New Tool—Read Before Using
- 5. Network Construction
- 6. The Durations of the Logic Network
-
7.
Output of Calculations
- Attributes of an Event
- Attributes of an Activity
- The Forward Pass—T E, ES, and EF
- The Backward Pass—T L, LF, and LS
- The Backward Pass—TF, FF, and IF
- Calculating the Attributes of an Event or Activity
- The Forward Pass—T E, ES, and EF
- The Backward Pass—T L, LF, and LS
- The Backward Pass—TF, FF, and IF
- Summary
-
8.
Cranking the Engine
- Manual and Computer Solutions for PERT and ADM—The Matrix Method
- Manual and Computer Solution for PERT and ADM—The Intuitive Method
- Activity Start and Finish Times
- Critical Activities
- Total Float
- Free Float
- Independent Float
- Time Scale Network
- Computation Time
- Writing Your Own CPM Software
- Manual and Computer Solution for PDM with Durations between Activities
- Summary
-
9.
Adding Complexity
- Enhancements to the Basic System
- Original versus Remaining Durations
- Percent Complete
- Defined Subtasks and Check-Off Updating
- Calendar versus Work Period Conventions
- Multiple Calendars
- Multiple Starting and Ending Activities
- Artificial Constraints to Dates
- Artificial Constraints to Algorithms
- Negative Float
- Definition of Criticality
- Continuous versus Interruptible Performance
- Actual Start and Finish Dates
- Retained Logic versus Progress Overrides
- Events and Milestones
- Hammocks and Summary Network Logic
- Summary Activity Bars
- User-Defined Code Fields
- Adding Resources to Activities
- Adding Costs and Cost Codes to Activities
- Resource Driven Scheduling
- Master Schedules Local versus System-Wide Updating
- Activity Types
- Hierarchical Codes
- Summary
- 10. PDM and Precedence Networks
-
11.
Respecting the Power of PDM
- Durations between Activities: Percent Lead/Lag Relationships
- Defining Overlapping Activities: Durations between Activities
- Negative Durations between Activities
- Remaining Durations between Activities
- Impact of Percent Complete upon Durations between Activities
- PDM and Hammocks
- Continuous versus Interruptible Progress
- Undefined Subtasks and Relationships to Other Activities
- Multiple Calendars
- Retained Logic versus Progress Override
- Total Float Calculation
- Erroneous Loop Errors
- Summary
- 12. PERT, SPERT, and GERT
- 13. RDM Networks Restore the Promise
-
14.
Overview of Prevalent Software Products
- Overview of Primavera Project Planner P3
- Overview of SureTrak Project Planner
- Overview of Primavera
- Detailed Instruction for P6
- P6 Web Browser Interface
- P6 Reflection Change Maintenance Feature
- P6 Multiple Float Paths
- P6 Enterprise Functionality and Administration
- Overview of Primavera Contractor and P6 Professional
- Overview of Primavera Pertmaster aka Oracle Primavera Risk Analysis
- Overview of Microsoft Project Professional 2007
- Overview of Deltek Open Plan Enterprise Project Management Software
- Summary of Overviews
-
15.
Measure Twice—Cut Once
- Preparing to Collect the Input
- The Pure Logic Diagram
- A Team Effort… on the Blackboard or Sketch Pad
- Format for Ease of Data Collection versus for Ease of Data Entry to Chosen Software
- Bar Chart: May Be Based upon Logic, but Is Not a Logic Network
- Logic Restrained Bar Chart
- Freehand
- PERT, GERT, PDM, and RDM
- Summary
-
16.
Choosing Codes
- Calendar
- Deliverable and Responsible Entity: SHT1, SHT2, RESP, and SUBC
- Key Resources: CRTY, CRSZ, MHRS, SUPV, and EQUIP
- Overtime, Night Work, Special Supervision, and Inspection
- Quantities and Rates of Productivity
- Location, Location, Location
- Budget Codes for Cost: Labor, Equipment, and Materials
- A Word about Codes Tied to the Activity ID
- A Word about Aliases
- Summary
- 17. Acquiring Information to Initial Schedule
-
18.
Acquiring the Durations
- Best Estimate with Utilization of Resources Envisioned
- Compare with PERT Durations: Optimistic, Most Likely, Pessimistic
- Schedule Durations versus Estimating Durations
- Estimated Durations versus Calculated Durations
- Do We Add Contingency Here?
- Estimated Durations versus Expected Completion Dates: “As Good as the Promise”
- Productivity
- Durations and the Project Calendar or Calendars
- Durations between Activities
- Summary
-
19.
Specifying Restraints
- Mandatory and Discretionary Physical Restraints
- Mandatory and Discretionary Resource Restraints
- Mandatory and Discretionary Timing Constraints
- The Misuse of Restraints and Constraints: “Nailing the Bar Down Where It Belongs”
- The Need to Document the Basis of Each Restraint and Constraint
- Choosing the Type of Relationship between Activities
- The Case for Restricting Relationships to Traditional “FS” without Lag
- The Need for Nontraditional Relationships
- The Desire for Nontraditional Relationship and Resulting Misuse
- Nontraditional Relationships Supported by Popular Software
- Minimum Restrictions for Proper Usage of PDM
- Review the Strengths of ADM: Expand the Definitions
- Start of Each Activity Must Have Predecessor
- Finish of Each Activity Must Have Successor
- Real World Relationships between Activities
- The Final Forward Pass
- The Final Backward Pass
- Choosing the Algorithm for the Initial Schedule
- Summary
- 20. Example Project: The John Doe Project
-
21.
Equipment and Workforce Planning
- Workforce Leveling
- Computerized Resources Planning
- Resource Leveling and Smoothing
- Limitations of Algorithms
- Driving Resources
- Resource Calendars
- Practical Solutions
- Summary of Resource Leveling
- Turnaround Application
- Examples of Resource Loading on John Doe Project
- Resource Leveling Significance
- Summary
- 22. Procurement
- 23. Preconstruction
- 24. Evolution of the Project Schedule
- 25. CPM and Cost Control
- 26. Enterprise Scheduling
-
27.
Converting the Team Plan to the Calculated Schedule
- Data Entry Made Easy
- Check and Set Schedule Algorithm Options
- First Run and Debugging the Logic
- Loop Detection and Correction
- Technical Review: The Primavera Diagnostic Report
- Beyond the Primavera Diagnostic
- First Review of Calculated Output: Reality Check 1
- Detail Views of Output of Schedule Calculations
- Timescaled Logic Diagram
- Tailoring Initial Output to the Chosen Audiences
- Whatever Owner Wants, Owner Gets
- “You Can’t Always Get What You Want, But…You Get What You Need”
- Reports and Views for the Foreman Performing the Work
- Reports and Views for the Contractor’s Superintendent
- Reports and Views for the Contractor’s Upper Management
- The Narrative Report for Each Audience
- Summary
- 28. Engineer’s Review of the Submitted Initial CPM
-
29.
Updating the Schedule
- Why Update the Schedule?
- Acquiring the Data for an Update
- Distinguishing Updates from Revisions
- Purpose of an Update
- The Purpose of a Revision
- Who Should Collect Data for an Update?
- Who Should Prepare Data for a Revision?
- Information Required for Schedule Control: AS, RD, AF
- Determination of Actual Start and Actual Finish Dates
- Determination of Remaining Duration of Activities: Repeat the Steps of the Master
- Expected Completion and Renewing Promises
- Automatic Updates
- The Forgotten Step: Determination of Remaining Duration between Activities
- Save and Rename: Naming Strategies
- Reports and Views to Assist Acquiring Data for an Update
- Electronic Tools to Assist Acquiring Data for an Update
- Choosing the Correct Algorithm for Updates
- Scheduling the Update: Interpreting the Results
- Technical Review: the Primavera Diagnostic Report
- What to Look for when Reviewing the Update
- Tailoring Update Output to the Chosen Audiences
- The Narrative Report for Each Audience
- Summary
- 30. Engineer’s Review of the Submitted Update
- 31. Revising the Logic Network
- 32. Engineer’s Review of the Submitted Revision
-
33.
Case Histories
- Chicago Courthouse
- Times Tower
- Airport Construction
- High-Rise Construction
- NASA
- Housing
- Manufacturing Facilities
- SEPTA Rail Works
- New Jersey Turnpike Authority 1990–1995 Widening Program
- JFK Redevelopment
- Toronto Transit’s “Let’s Move” Program
- Phoenixville-Mont Claire Bridge
- Graduate Hospital Diagnostic Building
- Interstate 76, 202, and 422 Interchange
- Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- Maricopa County Jail Design and Construction Program
- Summary
- 34. Specifying CPM
- 35. CPM in Claims and Litigation
-
36.
Delay Analysis
- Delay versus Disruption
- Responsibility/Types/Force Majeure
- As-Planned Logic Network
- As-Should-Have-Been CPM Network
- As-Planned Schedule
- As-Built Schedule
- As-Built Logic Network
- Causative Factors
- As-Impacted Logic Network
- As-Impacted Schedule
- Time Impact Evaluations
- Zeroing to a Collapsed As-Impacted Logic Network
- Zeroing Out to an As-Should-Have-Been CPM
- Limitations of the TIE Methodology
- TIE Example of John Doe Project
- Windows Analysis
- Zeroing Out within the Windows Analysis
- Windows Example of John Doe Project
- Summary
- 37. Disruption Analyses
- 38. Other Claim Methods
-
39.
Conclusion
- A. Sample CPM Specification as a Guideline for Preparing Your Own Specification
- B. Unified Facilities Guide Specification
-
C.
Navigating the CD-ROM
Book Details
Title: CPM in Construction Management, Seventh Edition
Publisher: : New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto
Copyright / Pub. Date: 2010, 2006, 1999, 1993, 1984, 1971, 1965 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ISBN: 9780071636643
Authors:
James J. O’Brien
P.E., PMP, was vice chair of the board of O’Brien-Kreitzberg & Associates, Inc., the
construction management firm that handled the renovation of San Francisco’s cable
car system. He was also the program manager for the redevelopment of JFK International
Airport. Mr. O’Brien is the author or editor of many books, including Contractor’s
Management Handbook, Second Edition; Construction Management: A Professional Approach;
Value Analysis in Design and Construction; and Scheduling Handbook, all published
by McGraw-Hill.
Fredric L. Plotnick
Ph.D., Esq., P.E., is principal and president of Engineering & Property Management
Consultant, Inc., and an adjunct professor in the Civil Engineering and Engineering
Management Departments at Drexel University. He has thirty years’ hands-on experience
with the legal and technical aspects of project controls and the management of engineering
design and construction. Dr. Plotnick is a member of the Association for the Advancement
of Cost Engineering International and a charter member and director of Academic Liaison
and the Technical Track of the annual conference of the PMI college of Scheduling.
Description: A hands-on guide to using critical path management for construction projects. This comprehensive resource details how to apply critical path management (CPM) to every day construction situations. The book first describes the development of CPM and its practical use in the construction industry and then goes on to cover the technique in detail so that you can apply it to practical construction situations. Central to the book is the John Doe Case Study, which describes basic CPM network techniques and illustrates functions such as updating, cost control, resource planning, and delay evaluation. CPM in Construction Management, Seventh Edition features new chapters on RDM relationship code features and review of alternate methods of delay analysis.
