Indoor Air Quality Handbook
by: John D. Spengler
Abstract: This handbook brings you solutions to virtually any problem in the field. Leading U.S. and international experts help you to create and maintain safe and healthy environments in structures from hospitals to residences, and handle a range of questions from health and comfort effects and physiologic thresholds to ventilation measurement and employee programs. For answers on instrumentation, contaminants, codes, and guidelines–for the solutions you need to assess, design, and maintain healthy and productive indoor environments, Indoor Air Quality Handbook is the one source to have.
Full details
Table of Contents
- A. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE IAQ HANDBOOK
- 2. THE HISTORY AND FUTURE OF VENTILATION
- 3. SICK BUILDING SYNDROME STUDIES AND THE COMPILATION OF NORMATIVE AND COMPARATIVE VALUES
- 4. ESTIMATES OF POTENTIAL NATIONWIDE PRODUCTIVITY AND HEALTH BENEFITS FROM BETTER INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS: AN UPDATE
- 5. INDOOR AIR QUALITY FACTORS IN DESIGNING A HEALTHY BUILDING
- 6. AN OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. BUILDING STOCK
- 7. HVAC SYSTEMS
- 8. HVAC SUBSYSTEMS
- 9. AIR CLEANING—PARTICLES
- 10. REMOVAL OF GASES AND VAPORS
- 11. DISINFECTING AIR
- 12. CONTROLLING BUILDING FUNCTIONS
- 13. VENTILATION STRATEGIES
- 14. BUILDING FIRES AND SMOKE MANAGEMENT
- 15. THERMAL COMFORT CONCEPTS AND GUIDELINES
- 16. THERMAL EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE
- 17. THE IRRITATED EYE IN THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT—PHYSIOLOGY, PREVALENCE, AND CAUSES
- 18. LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
- 19. THE ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT: RESPONSES TO SOUND
- 20. PHYSICOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR ODOR AND IRRITATION POTENCY OF VOCs
- 21. RESPONSE TO ODORS
- 22. PERCEIVED AIR QUALITY AND VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS
- 23. ANIMAL BIOASSAYS FOR EVALUATION OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- 24. COMPUTERIZED ANIMAL BIOASSAY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF AIRBORNE CHEMICALS ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- 25. SENSORY IRRITATION IN HUMANS CAUSED BY VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS) AS INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS: A SUMMARY OF 12 EXPOSURE EXPERIMENTS
- 26. METHODS FOR ASSESSING IRRITATION EFFECTS IN IAQ FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES
- 27. MULTIPLE CHEMICAL INTOLERANCE AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- 28. ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED SKIN DISORDERS
- 29. COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
- 30. ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE
- 31. VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- 32. ALDEHYDES
- 33. ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- 34. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PHTHALATES, AND PHENOLS
- 35. PESTICIDES
- 36. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
- 37. FIBERS
- 38. ASBESTOS
- 39. SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS
- 40. RADON
- 41. LATEX
- 42. ENDOTOXINS
- 43. ALLERGENS DERIVED FROM ARTHROPODS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
- 44. POLLEN IN INDOOR AIR: SOURCES, EXPOSURES, AND HEALTH EFFECTS
- 45. THE FUNGI
- 46. TOXIGENIC FUNGI IN THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
- 47. TUBERCULOSIS
- 48. LEGIONELLA
- 49. STRATEGIES AND METHODOLOGIES TO INVESTIGATE BUILDINGS
- 50. TRACKING ULTRAFINE PARTICLES IN BUILDING INVESTIGATIONS
- 51. INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- 52. MEASURING VENTILATION PERFORMANCE
- 53. ASSESSING OCCUPANT REACTION TO INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- 54. BUILDING-RELATED DISEASES
- 55. METHODS TO ASSESS WORKPLACE STRESS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
- 56. COST OF RESPONDING TO COMPLAINTS
- 57. MODELING IAQ AND BUILDING DYNAMICS
- 58. INDOOR AIR QUALITY MODELING
- 59. APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY STUDIES
- 60. INDOOR AIR QUALITY BY DESIGN
- 61. BUILDING COMMISSIONING FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
- 62. PREVENTION DURING REMODELING RESTORATION
- 63. PREVENTION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
- 64. PREVENTION WITH CLEANING
- 65. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HOSPITALS
- 66. RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM NEARBY COMMERCIAL FACILITIES
- 67. RECREATION BUILDINGS
- 68. TRANSPORTATION
- 69. DAY-CARE CENTERS AND HEALTH
- 70. THE RISK ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, AND RISK COMMUNICATION
- 71. IAQ AND THE LAW
- A. ABOUT THE EDITORS
Tools & Media
Expanded Table of Contents
- A. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE IAQ HANDBOOK
- 2. THE HISTORY AND FUTURE OF VENTILATION
- 3. SICK BUILDING SYNDROME STUDIES AND THE COMPILATION OF NORMATIVE AND COMPARATIVE VALUES
- 4. ESTIMATES OF POTENTIAL NATIONWIDE PRODUCTIVITY AND HEALTH BENEFITS FROM BETTER INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS: AN UPDATE
- 5. INDOOR AIR QUALITY FACTORS IN DESIGNING A HEALTHY BUILDING
- 6. AN OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. BUILDING STOCK
- INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S. BUILDING STOCK
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXISTING U.S. HOUSING STOCK
- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW U.S. HOUSING STOCK
- TRENDS IN NEW HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING U.S. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
- CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW U.S. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
- TRENDS IN NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION
- 7. HVAC SYSTEMS
- 8. HVAC SUBSYSTEMS
- 9. AIR CLEANING—PARTICLES
- 10. REMOVAL OF GASES AND VAPORS
- 11. DISINFECTING AIR
- INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- AIR DISINFECTION STRATEGIES
- DROPLET NUCLEI TRANSMISSION
- PRINCIPLES OF AIR DISINFECTION
- CURRENT METHODS OF AIR DISINFECTION
- VENTILATION FOR CONTROL OF AIRBORNE INFECTION
- SOURCE STRENGTH AND THE CONCENTRATION OF DROPLET NUCLEI
- AIR SAMPLING FOR TUBERCULOSIS
- AIR FILTRATION FOR CONTROL OF AIRBORNE INFECTION
- ULTRAVIOLET GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION
- NOVEL APPROACHES TO AIR DISINFECTION: DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION
- 12. CONTROLLING BUILDING FUNCTIONS
- 13. VENTILATION STRATEGIES
- 14. BUILDING FIRES AND SMOKE MANAGEMENT
- 15. THERMAL COMFORT CONCEPTS AND GUIDELINES
- 16. THERMAL EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE
- INTRODUCTION
- THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSE THERMAL EFFECTS
- THERMAL EFFECTS ON SBS AND ON SENSATIONS OF DRYNESS
- THERMAL GRADIENTS
- THERMAL EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE IN VEHICLES
- THERMAL COMFORT AND ITS RELATION TO PERFORMANCE
- THERMAL EFFECTS ON ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY
- THE EFFECTS OF COLD ON MANUAL DEXTERITY
- THE EFFECTS OF HEAT ON LIGHT INDUSTRIAL WORK
- THERMAL EFFECTS ON MENTAL PERFORMANCE
- THE NEED FOR INDIVIDUAL CONTROL
- ESTIMATING PRODUCTIVITY FROM PERFORMANCE
- 17. THE IRRITATED EYE IN THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT—PHYSIOLOGY, PREVALENCE, AND CAUSES
- 18. LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
- 19. THE ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT: RESPONSES TO SOUND
- 20. PHYSICOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR ODOR AND IRRITATION POTENCY OF VOCs
- THE SENSORY RECEPTORS FOR OLFACTION AND CHEMESTHESIS
- FUNCTIONAL SEPARATION OF ODOR AND IRRITATION
- CHEMOSENSORY DETECTION THRESHOLDS ALONG CHEMICAL SERIES
- DESCRIPTION AND PREDICTION OF CHEMOSENSORY THRESHOLDS VIA PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- CHEMOSENSORY DETECTION OF MIXTURES
- NEEDS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- 21. RESPONSE TO ODORS
- 22. PERCEIVED AIR QUALITY AND VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS
- 23. ANIMAL BIOASSAYS FOR EVALUATION OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- INTRODUCTION
- BIOASSAY FOR EVALUATION OF SENSORY AND PULMONARY IRRITATION
- TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SENSORY AND PULMONARY IRRITATION BIOASSAY
- VALIDATION OF THE SENSORY AND PULMONARY IRRITATION BIOASSAY AND APPLICATIONS
- CALIBRATION OF THE SENSORY AND PULMONARY IRRITATION BIOASSAY AND APPLICATIONS
- ADAPTATION OF THE ASTM E 981 STANDARD METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING MIXTURES
- MIXTURE GENERATING SYSTEMS
- NATURE OF SENSORY IRRITATING VOCs
- A wide variety of nonreactive (p) sensory irritants (NRVOCs) is shown in Table 23.4. The solvation equation of Abraham et al. (1990) formulated as a linear free energy relationship (LFER) or quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) can be a very useful aid to understanding the nature of the trigeminal receptor or receptor phase in combination with the set of p chemicals listed in Table 23.4 and definitions of their mechanisms of action. The equation was written as follows:
- ESTIMATING EQUATIONS TO DERIVE THE SENSORY IRRITATING POTENCY OF NRVOCs
- ESTIMATING EQUATIONS TO DERIVE THE SENSORY IRRITATION POTENCY OF RVOCs
- BIOASSAYS TO EVALUATE ASTHMATIC REACTIONS AND AIRWAYS HYPERREACTIVITY OR HYPERRESPONSIVENESS (AHR)
- RECOGNITION OF RAPID, SHALLOW BREATHING (P1) AND AIRFLOW LIMITATION OR BRONCHOCONSTRICTION (A) EFFECTS
- COUGHING
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- 24. COMPUTERIZED ANIMAL BIOASSAY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF AIRBORNE CHEMICALS ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD
- ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF DATA
- VARIABLES MEASURED, DATA MANAGEMENT, AND DATA PRESENTATION
- BREATH CLASSIFICATION DIAGNOSIS AND DATA ANALYSIS
- LIMIT OF DETECTION OR JUST-DETECTABLE EFFECT (JDE)
- TYPICAL RESULTS
- ADVANTAGES OF THE COMPUTERIZED METHOD
- GUIDELINES FOR INVESTIGATORS USING THE COMPUTERIZED METHOD
- PROBLEMS TO BE EXPECTED WITH THE COMPUTERIZED METHOD AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- 25. SENSORY IRRITATION IN HUMANS CAUSED BY VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS) AS INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS: A SUMMARY OF 12 EXPOSURE EXPERIMENTS
- 26. METHODS FOR ASSESSING IRRITATION EFFECTS IN IAQ FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES
- 27. MULTIPLE CHEMICAL INTOLERANCE AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- DEFINING SENSITIVITY AND INTOLERANCE
- PHENOMENOLOGY
- PREVALENCE AND DEMOGRAPHICS
- SYMPTONS
- THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH MULTIPLE CHEMICAL INTOLERANCE
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIPLE CHEMICAL INTOLERANCE AND INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS
- CASE DEFINITIONS
- PROPOSED MECHANISMS
- MEDICAL EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION
- APPENDIX: THE QEESI ©
- 28. ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED SKIN DISORDERS
- 29. COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
- 30. ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE
- 31. VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- 32. ALDEHYDES
- 33. ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- 34. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PHTHALATES, AND PHENOLS
- 35. PESTICIDES
- 36. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
- 37. FIBERS
- 38. ASBESTOS
- 39. SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS
- 40. RADON
- 41. LATEX
- 42. ENDOTOXINS
- 43. ALLERGENS DERIVED FROM ARTHROPODS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
- 44. POLLEN IN INDOOR AIR: SOURCES, EXPOSURES, AND HEALTH EFFECTS
- 45. THE FUNGI
- 46. TOXIGENIC FUNGI IN THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
- 47. TUBERCULOSIS
- 48. LEGIONELLA
- 49. STRATEGIES AND METHODOLOGIES TO INVESTIGATE BUILDINGS
- 50. TRACKING ULTRAFINE PARTICLES IN BUILDING INVESTIGATIONS
- 51. INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- 52. MEASURING VENTILATION PERFORMANCE
- 53. ASSESSING OCCUPANT REACTION TO INDOOR AIR QUALITY
- 54. BUILDING-RELATED DISEASES
- 55. METHODS TO ASSESS WORKPLACE STRESS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
- 56. COST OF RESPONDING TO COMPLAINTS
- 57. MODELING IAQ AND BUILDING DYNAMICS
- 58. INDOOR AIR QUALITY MODELING
- 59. APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY STUDIES
- INTRODUCTION
- THE NATURE OF AIRFLOW IN BUILDING INTERIORS
- THE LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING REQUIRED
- FORMULATION OF THE CFD APPROACH
- GOVERNING PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS
- CFD TECHNIQUES
- VALIDATION OF SELECTED CFD COMPUTATIONS WITH EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
- FLEXIBILITY AND RICH INFORMATION FROM CFD SIMULATION
- PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CFD TECHNIQUE
- APPLICATIONS OF THE CFD TECHNIQUE TO INDOOR AIR QUALITY DESIGN AND EXPOSURE PREDICTION
- CONCLUSIONS
- 60. INDOOR AIR QUALITY BY DESIGN
- 61. BUILDING COMMISSIONING FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
- 62. PREVENTION DURING REMODELING RESTORATION
- 63. PREVENTION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
- 64. PREVENTION WITH CLEANING
- 65. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HOSPITALS
- 66. RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM NEARBY COMMERCIAL FACILITIES
- 67. RECREATION BUILDINGS
- 68. TRANSPORTATION
- 69. DAY-CARE CENTERS AND HEALTH
- 70. THE RISK ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, AND RISK COMMUNICATION
- 71. IAQ AND THE LAW
- A. ABOUT THE EDITORS
Book Details
Title: Indoor Air Quality Handbook
Publisher: McGRAW-HILL: New York, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Auckland, Bogotá, Caracas, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, Montreal, New Delhi, San Juan, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto
Copyright / Pub. Date: 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ISBN: 9780074455494
Authors:
John D. Spengler is the author of this McGraw-Hill Professional publication.
Description: This handbook brings you solutions to virtually any problem in the field. Leading U.S. and international experts help you to create and maintain safe and healthy environments in structures from hospitals to residences, and handle a range of questions from health and comfort effects and physiologic thresholds to ventilation measurement and employee programs. For answers on instrumentation, contaminants, codes, and guidelines–for the solutions you need to assess, design, and maintain healthy and productive indoor environments, Indoor Air Quality Handbook is the one source to have.
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